Ophthalmologists are physicians who specialize in the care and treatment of the eyes and optical system, and the diagnosis and treatment of eye disease and injuries.

Ophthalmologists differ from optometrists and opticians, in that ophthalmologists are medical or osteopathic doctors, who may perform surgery, prescribe medications, treat all eye diseases, and prescribe and fit glasses and contact lenses. Optometrists are doctors of optometry, and diagnose the need for corrective lenses and screen for abnormalities of the eye. Opticians are state-licensed to make, fit and adjust optical aids upon the written prescription of a licensed ophthalmologist or optometrist.