Hematologists specialize in the study of blood and blood systems, and the treatment of blood diseases. Various types of anemia, blood clotting disorders, hemophilia and leukemia are treated as well as bone marrow aspirations and biopsies performed.

Hematologists also work in the laboratory setting, microscopically inspecting blood films and bone marrow slides, as well as working in or managing blood bank facilities.

Hematology may be further broken into specialties, such as involving the treatment of bleeding disorders, hematological malignancies and hemoglobinopathies.